C12-15 Alkyl BenzoateSynthetic Oil · Emollient
PropanediolPolyol · Humectant
PhospholipidsFatty Acid · Skin Conditioning
PhenoxyethanolPhenoxyethanol · Preservative
Generally well tolerated but can cause contact dermatitis or skin irritation in rare cases, particularly in sensitive individuals.
HydroxyacetophenoneSynthetic · Antioxidant
Whilewidelyconsideredsafeandnon-sensitizingbytheCIR, rarecasereportsofallergiccontactdermatitisfromcosmeticproductshavebeendocumented[1.1].
Green Tea ExtractBotanical Extract · Skin Conditioning
Gotu Kola ExtractBotanical Extract · Skin Conditioning
Purslane ExtractBotanical Extract · Skin Conditioning
Polypodium Leucotomos ExtractBotanical Extract · Skin Conditioning
NiacinamideVitamin · Antioxidant
Alpha ArbutinMiscellaneous · Other
Restricted in the EU to a maximum concentration of 2 percent in face creams and half a percent in body lotions to minimize potential exposure to hydroquinone [2][12].
GlycerinGlycerin · Humectant
Glyceryl Stearate CitrateAnionic · Emulsifier
Isoamyl LaurateFatty Acid Ester · Emollient
Kojic Acid DipalmitateFatty Acid Ester · Emollient
Functions as a prodrug that releases kojic acid in the skin [1.2], which is suspected of interfering with thyroid function and is restricted in concentration by the EU SCCS.
Caprylic/Capric TriglycerideFatty Acid Ester · Emollient
1,2-HexanediolGlycol · Solvent
Sodium HyaluronateHyaluronic Acid · Humectant
Potassium HyaluronateHyaluronic Acid · Humectant
Sodium Hyaluronate CrosspolymerHyaluronic Acid · Humectant
Sodium Acetylated HyaluronateHyaluronic Acid · Humectant
Hydroxypropyltrimonium HyaluronateHyaluronic Acid · Humectant
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic AcidHyaluronic Acid · Humectant
Hyaluronic AcidHyaluronic Acid · Humectant
Hydrolyzed Sodium HyaluronateHyaluronic Acid · Humectant
Sodium Retinoyl HyaluronateHyaluronic Acid · Humectant
Zinc Hydrolyzed HyaluronateHyaluronic Acid · Humectant
Ascorbyl Propyl Hydrolyzed HyaluronateHyaluronic Acid · Humectant
Ascorbyl Propyl HyaluronateVitamin · Antioxidant
Dimethylsilanol HyaluronateHyaluronic Acid · Humectant
Pentylene GlycolGlycol · Solvent
Butylene GlycolGlycol · Solvent
Sodium BenzoateOrganic Acid · Preservative
Cancauseallergiccontactdermatitisandnonimmunologiccontacturticariacharacterizedbyrednessandwheals, thoughitisgenerallywelltoleratedbymostindividuals[1.5].
Potassium SorbateOrganic Acid · Preservative
Considered a rare skin sensitizer, it may occasionally cause mild allergic contact dermatitis or irritation, particularly on damaged or compromised skin [1.8].
TetrahydrocurcuminPolyphenol · Antioxidant
Sodium Acrylates CopolymerPolymeric · Thickener
LecithinFatty Acid Ester · Emollient
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review expert panel advises that lecithin should not be used in formulations containing nitrosating agents to prevent the formation of potentially carcinogenic N nitroso compounds [1.6].
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate CrosspolymerPolymeric · Thickener
Xanthan GumGum · Thickener
GlabridinBotanical Extract · Skin Conditioning
Disodium EDTAEDTA · Chelating Agent
Poorly biodegradable in the environment and can accumulate in aquatic ecosystems where it may mobilize heavy metals.
4-ButylresorcinolMiscellaneous · Other
Though generally well tolerated, cases of allergic contact dermatitis have been documented in individuals using it for hyperpigmentation [1.10].